Portrait of Martin Johnson Heade

Martin Johnson Heade Painting Reproductions 4 of 8

1819-1904

American Hudson River School Painter

Martin Johnson Heade (August 11, 1819 - September 4, 1904) was a prolific American painter known for his salt marsh landscapes, seascapes, portraits of tropical birds, and still lifes. His painting style and subject matter, while derived from the romanticism of the time, is regarded by art historians as a significant departure from that of his peers.

Stylistic classification
Art historians have come to disagree with the common view that Heade is a Hudson River School painter, a view given wide currency by Heade's inclusion in a landmark exhibition of Hudson River School landscapes at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1987. The leading Heade scholar and author of Heade's Catalogue raisonne, Theodore E. Stebbins, Jr., wrote some years after the 1987 Hudson River School exhibition that "...other scholars myself included have increasingly come to doubt that Heade is most usefully seen as standing within that school." According to the Heade catalogue raisonne, only around 40 percent of his paintings were landscapes. The remaining majority were still lifes, paintings of birds, and portraits, subjects unrelated to the Hudson River School. Of Heade's landscapes, perhaps only 25 percent were painted of traditional Hudson River School subject matter. Heade had less interest in topographically accurate views than the Hudson River painters, and instead focused on mood and the effects of light. Stebbins writes, "If the paintings of the shore as well as the more conventional compositions...might lead one to think of Heade as a Hudson River School painter, the [marsh scenes] make it clear that he was not."

Childhood and early career
Heade was born in Lumberville, Pennsylvania, a small hamlet along the Delaware River in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and spent his childhood there. His family owned the building in which is now The Lumberville Store and Post Office, the village's sole general store. Historians believe he received his first art training from the folk artist Edward Hicks, who lived in the area. By 1839 Heade had painted his first portraits and two years later had exhibited his first work at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philaldephia. Through the mid-1850s, Heade made his living as a travelling portrait painter.

Transition to landscape painting
Around 1857 Heade became interested in landscape painting, partly through his meeting of established artists John Frederick Kensett and Benjamin Champney in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Heade moved to New York City and took a studio in a building that housed many of the famous Hudson River School artists of the time. He became socially and professionally acquainted with them, and struck up a particularly close friendship with Frederic Edwin Church.

Tropical subjects
Heade's interest in the tropics was piqued at least partly by the impact of Church's monumental painting Heart of the Andes (1859), now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Heade travelled to Brazil from 1863 to 1864 to paint an extensive series of small works, eventually numbering over forty, depicting hummingbirds. He intended the series for a planned book titled "The Gems of Brazil", but the book was never published due to financial difficulty and Heade's concerns about the quality of the reproductions. Heade nevertheless returned to the tropics twice, in 1866 journeying to Nicaragua, and in 1870 to Colombia, Panama, and Jamaica. He continued to paint romantic works of tropical birds and lush foliage into his late career.

Salt marsh scenes
Heade's primary interest in landscape, and the works for which he is perhaps best known today, was the New England coastal salt marsh. Contrary to typical Hudson River School displays of scenic mountains, valleys, and waterfalls, Heade's marsh landscapes avoided depictions of grandeur. They focused instead on the horizontal expanse of subdued scenery, and employed repeating motifs that included small haystacks and diminutive figures. Heade also concentrated on the depiction of light and atmosphere in his marsh scenes. These and similar works have led some historians to characterize Heade as a Luminist painter. In 1883 Heade moved to Saint Augustine, Florida and took as his primary landscape subject the surrounding subtropical marshland.

Still Lifes
During his later years in St. Augustine Heade also painted numerous still lifes of southern flowers, especially magnolia blossoms laid on velvet. This was a continuation of an interest in still life that Heade had developed since the 1860s. His earlier works in this genre typically depict a display of flowers arranged in an ornate vase of small or medium size on a cloth-covered table. Heade was the only 19th century American artist to create such an extensive body of work in both still life and landscape.

Recognition and museum collections
Heade was not a famous artist during his time, and for much of the first part of the 20th century was nearly forgotten. A re-awakening of interest in American 19th century art around World War II sparked new appreciation of his work, and art historians have come to consider him as one of the most important American artists of his generation. His works are in most major American museums, including the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts, which owns the nation's outstanding collection of his works, including about thirty paintings as well as numerous drawings and sketchbooks; the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City; and the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. In 1999 and 2000 he was the subject of a major exhibit organized by Theodore E. Stebbins, Jr., that travelled from the Museum of Fine Arts to the National Gallery of Art, ending at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. In 2004, Heade was honored with a stamp from the U.S. Postal Service. As Stebbins notes in his writings, Heade's work has also been copied and forged extensively, though it should be noted that since Heade was not popular during his lifetime there were few contemporaries that emulated his work, so 20th century copies are readily apparent as fakes since it takes oil paint decades to dry out and harden.

174 Martin Johnson Heade Paintings

Black-Eared Fairy, c.1864/65 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Black-Eared Fairy c.1864/65

Oil Painting
$605
SKU: HMJ-3755
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Private Collection

Dawn, 1862 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Dawn 1862

Oil Painting
$591
Canvas Print
$49.85
SKU: HMJ-3756
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 31.1 x 61.6 cm
Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Massachusetts, USA

Hunters Resting, 1863 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Hunters Resting 1863

Oil Painting
$703
Canvas Print
$49.85
SKU: HMJ-3757
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 30.5 x 61.3 cm
Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Massachusetts, USA

Hazy Sunrise at Sea, 1863 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Hazy Sunrise at Sea 1863

Oil Painting
$1194
SKU: HMJ-3758
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Shelburne Museum, Vermont, USA

Twilight, Singing Beach, 1863 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Twilight, Singing Beach 1863

Oil Painting
$1145
Canvas Print
$68.44
SKU: HMJ-3759
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 50.8 x 91.4 cm
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, California, USA

The Stranded Boat, 1863 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

The Stranded Boat 1863

Oil Painting
$1209
Canvas Print
$49.85
SKU: HMJ-3760
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 58.1 x 93.6 cm
Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Massachusetts, USA

Trailing Arbutus, 1860 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Trailing Arbutus 1860

Oil Painting
$841
SKU: HMJ-3761
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Private Collection

Jersey Marshes, 1874 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Jersey Marshes 1874

Oil Painting
$938
Canvas Print
$49.85
SKU: HMJ-5703
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 38.5 x 76.2 cm
Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid, Spain

Sunrise in Nicaragua, 1869 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Sunrise in Nicaragua 1869

Oil Painting
$1176
Canvas Print
$49.85
SKU: HMJ-5704
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 38.7 x 73 cm
Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid, Spain

The Marshes at Rhode Island, 1866 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

The Marshes at Rhode Island 1866

Oil Painting
$1219
Canvas Print
$49.85
SKU: HMJ-5705
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 56 x 91.4 cm
Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid, Spain

Magnolias on Light Blue Velvet Cloth, c.1885/95 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Magnolias on Light Blue Velvet Cloth c.1885/95

Oil Painting
$974
Canvas Print
$49.85
SKU: HMJ-9298
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 38.6 x 61.8 cm
Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois, USA

Cherokee Roses, c.1890 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Cherokee Roses c.1890

Oil Painting
$592
Canvas Print
$49.85
SKU: HMJ-9299
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 25.4 x 41.3 cm
Detroit Institute of Arts, Michigan, USA

Hummingbirds and Orchids, 1880s by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Hummingbirds and Orchids 1880s

Oil Painting
$878
Canvas Print
$51.08
SKU: HMJ-9300
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 36.2 x 56.5 cm
Detroit Institute of Arts, Michigan, USA

Seascape: Sunset, 1861 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Seascape: Sunset 1861

Oil Painting
$1019
Canvas Print
$49.85
SKU: HMJ-9301
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 66 x 111.8 cm
Detroit Institute of Arts, Michigan, USA

Sunset, c.1880 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Sunset c.1880

Oil Painting
$942
Canvas Print
$49.85
SKU: HMJ-9302
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 43.8 x 92.4 cm
Detroit Institute of Arts, Michigan, USA

The Great Swamp, 1868 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

The Great Swamp 1868

Oil Painting
$949
Canvas Print
$60.28
SKU: HMJ-9303
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 37.8 x 76.5 cm
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, California, USA

Yellow Daisies in a Brown Bowl, c.1890 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Yellow Daisies in a Brown Bowl c.1890

Oil Painting
$1117
Canvas Print
$53.89
SKU: HMJ-9304
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 56.2 x 38.4 cm
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, California, USA

Allen Clapp, 1854 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Allen Clapp 1854

Oil Painting
$1031
Canvas Print
$61.54
SKU: HMJ-9305
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 76.2 x 63.5 cm
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, California, USA

Hummingbird and Passionflowers, c.1875/85 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Hummingbird and Passionflowers c.1875/85

Oil Painting
$927
Canvas Print
$49.85
SKU: HMJ-9306
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 50.8 x 30.5 cm
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA

Approaching Thunder Storm, 1859 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Approaching Thunder Storm 1859

Oil Painting
$1001
Canvas Print
$49.85
SKU: HMJ-9307
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 71.1 x 111.8 cm
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA

Hummingbird and Apple Blossoms, 1875 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Hummingbird and Apple Blossoms 1875

Oil Painting
$776
Canvas Print
$49.85
SKU: HMJ-9308
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 31 x 35.9 cm
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA

Salt Marsh Hay, c.1865 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Salt Marsh Hay c.1865

Oil Painting
$712
SKU: HMJ-9309
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 33 x 66 cm
Butler Institute of American Art, Youngstown, USA

New England Coastal Scene, n.d. by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

New England Coastal Scene n.d.

Oil Painting
$518
Canvas Print
$49.85
SKU: HMJ-9310
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Private Collection

Jersey Meadows, n.d. by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Jersey Meadows n.d.

Oil Painting
$706
SKU: HMJ-9311
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 31 x 61.4 cm
Private Collection

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