Portrait of Martin Johnson Heade

Martin Johnson Heade Painting Reproductions 1 of 8

1819-1904

American Hudson River School Painter

Martin Johnson Heade (August 11, 1819 - September 4, 1904) was a prolific American painter known for his salt marsh landscapes, seascapes, portraits of tropical birds, and still lifes. His painting style and subject matter, while derived from the romanticism of the time, is regarded by art historians as a significant departure from that of his peers.

Stylistic classification
Art historians have come to disagree with the common view that Heade is a Hudson River School painter, a view given wide currency by Heade's inclusion in a landmark exhibition of Hudson River School landscapes at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1987. The leading Heade scholar and author of Heade's Catalogue raisonne, Theodore E. Stebbins, Jr., wrote some years after the 1987 Hudson River School exhibition that "...other scholars myself included have increasingly come to doubt that Heade is most usefully seen as standing within that school." According to the Heade catalogue raisonne, only around 40 percent of his paintings were landscapes. The remaining majority were still lifes, paintings of birds, and portraits, subjects unrelated to the Hudson River School. Of Heade's landscapes, perhaps only 25 percent were painted of traditional Hudson River School subject matter. Heade had less interest in topographically accurate views than the Hudson River painters, and instead focused on mood and the effects of light. Stebbins writes, "If the paintings of the shore as well as the more conventional compositions...might lead one to think of Heade as a Hudson River School painter, the [marsh scenes] make it clear that he was not."

Childhood and early career
Heade was born in Lumberville, Pennsylvania, a small hamlet along the Delaware River in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and spent his childhood there. His family owned the building in which is now The Lumberville Store and Post Office, the village's sole general store. Historians believe he received his first art training from the folk artist Edward Hicks, who lived in the area. By 1839 Heade had painted his first portraits and two years later had exhibited his first work at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philaldephia. Through the mid-1850s, Heade made his living as a travelling portrait painter.

Transition to landscape painting
Around 1857 Heade became interested in landscape painting, partly through his meeting of established artists John Frederick Kensett and Benjamin Champney in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Heade moved to New York City and took a studio in a building that housed many of the famous Hudson River School artists of the time. He became socially and professionally acquainted with them, and struck up a particularly close friendship with Frederic Edwin Church.

Tropical subjects
Heade's interest in the tropics was piqued at least partly by the impact of Church's monumental painting Heart of the Andes (1859), now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Heade travelled to Brazil from 1863 to 1864 to paint an extensive series of small works, eventually numbering over forty, depicting hummingbirds. He intended the series for a planned book titled "The Gems of Brazil", but the book was never published due to financial difficulty and Heade's concerns about the quality of the reproductions. Heade nevertheless returned to the tropics twice, in 1866 journeying to Nicaragua, and in 1870 to Colombia, Panama, and Jamaica. He continued to paint romantic works of tropical birds and lush foliage into his late career.

Salt marsh scenes
Heade's primary interest in landscape, and the works for which he is perhaps best known today, was the New England coastal salt marsh. Contrary to typical Hudson River School displays of scenic mountains, valleys, and waterfalls, Heade's marsh landscapes avoided depictions of grandeur. They focused instead on the horizontal expanse of subdued scenery, and employed repeating motifs that included small haystacks and diminutive figures. Heade also concentrated on the depiction of light and atmosphere in his marsh scenes. These and similar works have led some historians to characterize Heade as a Luminist painter. In 1883 Heade moved to Saint Augustine, Florida and took as his primary landscape subject the surrounding subtropical marshland.

Still Lifes
During his later years in St. Augustine Heade also painted numerous still lifes of southern flowers, especially magnolia blossoms laid on velvet. This was a continuation of an interest in still life that Heade had developed since the 1860s. His earlier works in this genre typically depict a display of flowers arranged in an ornate vase of small or medium size on a cloth-covered table. Heade was the only 19th century American artist to create such an extensive body of work in both still life and landscape.

Recognition and museum collections
Heade was not a famous artist during his time, and for much of the first part of the 20th century was nearly forgotten. A re-awakening of interest in American 19th century art around World War II sparked new appreciation of his work, and art historians have come to consider him as one of the most important American artists of his generation. His works are in most major American museums, including the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts, which owns the nation's outstanding collection of his works, including about thirty paintings as well as numerous drawings and sketchbooks; the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City; and the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. In 1999 and 2000 he was the subject of a major exhibit organized by Theodore E. Stebbins, Jr., that travelled from the Museum of Fine Arts to the National Gallery of Art, ending at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. In 2004, Heade was honored with a stamp from the U.S. Postal Service. As Stebbins notes in his writings, Heade's work has also been copied and forged extensively, though it should be noted that since Heade was not popular during his lifetime there were few contemporaries that emulated his work, so 20th century copies are readily apparent as fakes since it takes oil paint decades to dry out and harden.

174 Martin Johnson Heade Paintings

Cattleya Orchid and Three Brazilian Hummingbirds, 1871 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Cattleya Orchid and Three Brazilian Hummingbirds 1871

Oil Painting
$854
Canvas Print
$50.22
SKU: HMJ-3683
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 34.8 x 45.6 cm
National Gallery of Art, Washington, USA

A Magnolia on Red Velvet, c.1885/95 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

A Magnolia on Red Velvet c.1885/95

Oil Painting
$930
SKU: HMJ-3684
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Private Collection

Orchid and Hummingbird, c.1885 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Orchid and Hummingbird c.1885

Oil Painting
$884
Canvas Print
$50.22
SKU: HMJ-3685
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 38.4 x 51.4 cm
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, California, USA

Giant Magnolias on a Blue Velvet Cloth, c.1890 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Giant Magnolias on a Blue Velvet Cloth c.1890

Oil Painting
$981
Canvas Print
$50.22
SKU: HMJ-3686
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 38.4 x 61.5 cm
National Gallery of Art, Washington, USA

Orchids and Hummingbird, c.1875/83 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Orchids and Hummingbird c.1875/83

Oil Painting
$930
Canvas Print
$50.22
SKU: HMJ-3687
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 35.9 x 56.2 cm
Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Massachusetts, USA

Blue Morpho Butterfly, c.1864/65 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Blue Morpho Butterfly c.1864/65

Oil Painting
$624
SKU: HMJ-3688
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Manoogian Collection, Washington, USA

Still Life with Apple Blossoms in a Nautilus Shell, 1870 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Still Life with Apple Blossoms in a Nautilus Shell 1870

Oil Painting
$1326
Canvas Print
$57.93
SKU: HMJ-3689
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 53.3 x 43.2 cm
Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, USA

Two Orchids in a Mountain Landscape, c.1870 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Two Orchids in a Mountain Landscape c.1870

Oil Painting
$992
SKU: HMJ-3690
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Private Collection

Cherokee Roses On A Light Gray Cloth, n.d. by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Cherokee Roses On A Light Gray Cloth n.d.

Oil Painting
$708
SKU: HMJ-3691
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Private Collection

A Spray of Apple Blossoms, 1870 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

A Spray of Apple Blossoms 1870

Oil Painting
$610
SKU: HMJ-3692
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 36.2 x 31.1 cm
Private Collection

A Branch of Apple Blossoms and Buds, 1878 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

A Branch of Apple Blossoms and Buds 1878

Oil Painting
$388
SKU: HMJ-3693
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 20.4 x 25.4 cm
Private Collection

Tropical Landscape with Ten Hummingbirds, 1870 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Tropical Landscape with Ten Hummingbirds 1870

Oil Painting
$1039
SKU: HMJ-3694
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Private Collection

Two Hummingbirds Perched on Passion Flower Vines, c.1870/83 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Two Hummingbirds Perched on Passion Flower Vines c.1870/83

Oil Painting
$740
SKU: HMJ-3695
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Private Collection

Crimson Topaz Hummingbirds Nesting in a Tropical Forest, c.1870/83 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Crimson Topaz Hummingbirds Nesting in a Tropical Forest c.1870/83

Oil Painting
$740
SKU: HMJ-3696
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 50.8 x 30.5 cm
Private Collection

Passion Flowers and Hummingbirds, c.1870/83 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Passion Flowers and Hummingbirds c.1870/83

Oil Painting
$869
Canvas Print
$54.29
SKU: HMJ-3697
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 39.3 x 54.9 cm
Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Massachusetts, USA

Hummingbird Pearched near Passion Flowers, c.1870 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Hummingbird Pearched near Passion Flowers c.1870

Oil Painting
$945
SKU: HMJ-3698
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Private Collection

Apple Blossoms and Hummingbird, 1871 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Apple Blossoms and Hummingbird 1871

Oil Painting
$718
SKU: HMJ-3699
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Addison Gallery of American Art, Andover, USA

Orchid with Two Hummingbirds, 1871 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Orchid with Two Hummingbirds 1871

Oil Painting
$769
Canvas Print
$50.22
SKU: HMJ-3700
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 37.8 x 48.3 cm
Reynolda House Museum of American Art, North Carolina, USA

Orchids and Crimson Topaz Hummingbird, 1871 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Orchids and Crimson Topaz Hummingbird 1871

Oil Painting
$755
SKU: HMJ-3701
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Private Collection

Orchids, Nesting Hummingbirds and a Butterfly, 1871 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Orchids, Nesting Hummingbirds and a Butterfly 1871

Oil Painting
$930
SKU: HMJ-3702
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Private Collection

Newburyport Meadows, c.1876/81 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Newburyport Meadows c.1876/81

Oil Painting
$691
Canvas Print
$50.22
SKU: HMJ-3703
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: 26.7 x 55.9 cm
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA

Victorian Vase with Flowers of Devotion, c.1871/80 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Victorian Vase with Flowers of Devotion c.1871/80

Oil Painting
$646
SKU: HMJ-3704
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Private Collection

Red Flower in a Vase, c.1871/80 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

Red Flower in a Vase c.1871/80

Oil Painting
$308
SKU: HMJ-3705
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Manoogian Collection, Washington, USA

The Meadow, c.1871/75 by Martin Johnson Heade | Painting Reproduction

The Meadow c.1871/75

Oil Painting
$894
SKU: HMJ-3706
Martin Johnson Heade
Original Size: unknown
Private Collection

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